Manufacturing iron and steel



(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 B. BAYLISS, Jr. MANUFACTURING IRON AND STEEL.

' No. 313,079. Patented Mar. 3, 1885.

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(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 B. BAYLISS, Jr. MANUFACTURING IRON AND STEEL.

Patented Mar. 3, 1885.

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BENJAMIN BAYLISS, JR, OF BELTZHOOVER, PENNSYLVANIA.

MANUFACTURING mom AND STEEL.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 313,079, dated March 3,1885.

7 Application filed October 8, 1884. (No model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, BENJAMIN BAYLISS, J r., of Beltzhoover, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invent-ed new and useful Improvements in the Art of Manufacturing Iron and Steel, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

My invention relates to the purification of iron and the manufacture of steel; and its objects are, first, to decrease the number and time of existing reducing operations; second, to secure within a comparatively short period approximately perfect desiliconization third, to obtain an intimate commixture of the mass with any alloys that may be added; fourth, to simplify and economice the construction of converters; fifth, to secure automatically a uniform current of carbonic acid or air without reference to the upright or reverse position of the converter; and, sixth, to attain these ends with simplicity of plant. I accomplish these objects by the means illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which-- Figure l is a front elevation of the converter and appurtenances. Fig. 2 is a vertical section thereof. Fig. 3 is a rear elevation; Fig. 4 is a transverse section on the line a: x of Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a detail transverse section of the air-supply chamber. Fig. 6 is a detail view of the runner by which the liquid mass is conducted from the converter, showing the means of its attachment to the mouth of the converter. Fig. 7 is a vertical section of the same, and Fig. 8 a transverse section thereof. Fig. 9 is a detail view of the stopper inserted in the mouth of the converter to conserve the heat between successive discharges and charges.

The same designations signify the same parts in all the views.

A B O are sections constituting, when united, the converter. A concentric chamber, 6, sur rounds the section A, to serve for the introduction of air to the tuyeres b, which open. into the recess 1) on one side and into the converter on the other. Hand-holes c c afford access to the interior of this chamber, as well for cleansing purposes as for the renewal of defective tuyeres. The sections A G terminate at both ends in flanges a a, and plates 1 atory or other furnace and to the mouth 9,- a a are joined to the outer flanges by luting l flanges a a thereto.

and bolts a a, to serve as bases. The section B also has flanges on each end, but these project beyond the shell as well inwardly at a a, to serve as a support for the flire-brick, as outwardly at a a, to attain facile joinder to the contiguous sections. \Vhen the sections are superposed, the respective flanges of A B and B G are bolted together and luted with refractory material. Lugs 0 c serve as means for handling the sections by passing chains, operated by suitable mechanical apparatus, under them. In building up the secti0ns,a suitable base, a, is joined to A and '0. They are then inverted, and fire-brick is placed therein in the manner illustrated in Fig. 2. In section A space to insert the tuyeres must be left. Bricks of different lengths should be used in constructing section B, so that a central contracted area may be provided in the form of two conical frusta united at their smaller bases.

D D are suitable standards constituting bearings for the trunnions d d,which project from the section B. A chamber, F, surrounds one s of the trunnions, but is rigidly secured to the standard D, in order to afford a continuous supply of air from the source, through pipe Gr to the chamber b by means of sections 66; Projections d f,respectivel y, from the section B and from the chamber F inwardly, fit into corresponding grooves, d f, respectively, of the chamber F and of the trunnion, thus permitting the free rotation of the latter. Flanges c c serve as means of joinder of the sections b e e, and thus constitute a continuous path for the passage of air. To the mouth 9 a suit able runner, I, having an outlet, i, perpendicular thereto, may be attached by passing the ends of flexible or other connections h over the lugs h h h h, respectively, on the mouth-wall g and the runner I. ber F is attached to section B by bolting its It is composed of counterpart halves. Thus arranged, I charge fuel to the converter until the sameis highly heated, aiding this by a blast of air. I then invert the vessel by imparting motion, by a belt or other means, to the trunnion (l, discharge the fuel, reverse the inclination of the vessel, attach the runner I respectively to a reverberthen charge the molten iron, admit air-b1ast The cham- ICO to intensify the temperature of the vessel, reverse the vessel several times to accomplish .desiliconization and intermixture or homogeneity of the metal, with or without any alloy that may be'added, and finally discharge the mass by the runner I to pig-beds or casting-molds, according to the form desired.

I am aware that heretofore the process substantially of heating the converter, then charging themass, subsequently agitating the same, and finally discharging the purified metal has been employed; but neither the sequence of steps nor the means by which they are effected described and shown by me have been employed.

Heretofore it has been customary in agitating the mass to employ two connected chambers for the alternate reception of the liquid mass actuated and influenced by distinct and vdifferent gaseous currents; or the. mass was sub ected to different currents alternately by periodically reversing a cylinder containing thesame, having a smaller central than end diameter, thus virtually making two connected chambers. The same end is attained by me with greater simplicity of apparatus, in that I employ one cylinder of nearly the same diameter throughout, whereby homogeneity is accelerated, and with greater facility and economy of process, because of using but one auacurrent, as more specifically delineated in the. claims.

Having thus fully described my improvements, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters'Patent of the United States, is

1. In the manufacture of crude iron into iron of higher grade or steel, the process herein described, which consists in introducing fuel to the converter through a suitable inlet when the annular tuyere chamber is at the bottom,then inverting the vessel, subsequently admitting an air-blast, maintaining this con- .dition until the pressure of the flame inside exceeds that of the atmospheric air surroundingthe said inlet, cutting off the air blast, then inverting the vessel to allow the auto matic exit of the fuel through the same aperture ,to yield the entire space for the metal, reversing the angle of the vessel, charging the liquid metal with or without the addition of heated scrap-iron, again admitting the airblast, again inverting the vessel so that the metal comes in contact with the tuyeres, maintaining this condition until the color of the flame evidences the completion ofthe blowing operation, charging any desired alloy, again the pig-bed or casting-molds it shall traverse perpendicular paths, for the purpose specified. l

2. The sections A 0, provided both with flangesat the respective ends, in combination with the section B, having flanges on both ends projecting in either direction from the shell, for the purpose set forth.

'3. The section B, lined so as to form a central contracted area, as shown, having flanges a a a a for the purpose set forth, and provided with rim d and recess 0, in combination with the section A, having air-chamber b.

4. The section 0, having mouth 9, surrounded by wall g, from which lugs h h project, and flanges a a, in combination with the runner I and sections A B.

' 5. The chamber F, composed of counterpart halves having projection f, fitting in groove f, formed by two annular collars around the trunnions, in combination with the sectionB, having annular rim d, sliding in groove d in the chamber F, and pipe G. s

6. The runner I, having lugs h h and perpendicular outlet 13, in combination with connections h h and lugs h h.

7. The section A, having flanges at both ends and provided with an annular tuyerechamber, 1), in combination with the section B, having flanges at' both ends projecting in either direction beyond the shell, having. a contracted central area, and trunnions d d radiating from its surface, section 0, having flanges at either end, and a mouth, 9, and standards D D, forming bearings for the trunnions.

8. The standards D D, constituting bearings for the converter, in combination with the section B, having flanges a a a a on both ends, projecting beyond the shell in either direction, provided with trunnions d d, on one of which are two annular collars, forming a groove, f, between them, and the end .of the other serving for the reception of rotary motion from suitable mechanical media, chamber F, pipe G, passages e e, and chamber b, the

whole co-operating in the manner shown, and 

